Dermatomyositis is an uncommon autoimmune disorder affecting mostly the skin and muscles. It is characterized by muscular weakness, inflammation, and skin rashes. The precise etiology of dermatomyositis is unknown, however it is thought to be a mix of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.
Some possible causes and risk factors for dermatomyositis are:
- Genetic predisposition: There may be a genetic component to dermatomyositis, as it can sometimes run in families.
- Environmental triggers: Certain environmental factors, such as infections, exposure to ultraviolet light, or certain medications, may trigger the development of dermatomyositis in susceptible individuals.
- Autoimmune dysfunction: Dermatomyositis is considered an autoimmune disease, meaning that the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. In dermatomyositis, the immune system attacks the blood vessels in the muscles and skin, leading to inflammation and damage.
- Underlying cancers: In some cases, dermatomyositis may be associated with an underlying cancer, particularly in adults. This association is known as paraneoplastic dermatomyositis.
- Viral infections: Certain viral infections, such as Coxsackie virus, Epstein-Barr virus, or HIV, have been associated with dermatomyositis, though the exact relationship is not fully understood.
- Medications: Some medications, such as statins, can trigger dermatomyositis-like symptoms in some individuals. However, this is relatively rare.